Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
type: channel
description: Bulletin of the Serbian Geographical Society is an open-access online non-profit international scientific journal that publishes original research. The necessary quality is achieved through reviews, thus offering scientific community the latest results of geographical and related disciplines. Our intention is to motivate and encourage scientists in our immediate neighborhood to publish their ideas in an international journal and to introduce our academic community with work of distinguished foreign scientists. The Bulletin has been the pillar of our science and the world’s leading geographers have published in it. We cherish its reputation through hard work and responsibility! Current issue Volume 105(1), 2025 Most cited articles Morphostructure relations on the territory of the Republic of Serbia Assessment of soil erosion and sediment yield using erosion potential method: case study-Vrbas River basin (B&H) Trends of mean annual river discharges in the Zapadna Morava River Basin Method of topographic inventarization and GPS technology in geospatial modeling Extreme temperature months in Rila Mountain, Bulgaria Historical-geographical analysis of the Cornelis de Jode's map "Croatia versus Turcam" from 1593 Contemporary world migration-towards new terminology, patterns and policies Keywords Belgrade Eastern Serbia. GIS Montenegro. Serbia Serbia. anthropogeography barriers cultural heritage degradation ecotourism environment environmental protection extremes functional urban region precipitation protection sustainability sustainable development the Danube tourism
publisher: Serbian Geographical Society
language: en-US
publication name: Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
copyright: Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, authors shall transfer the copyright to the Publisher. If the submitted manuscript is not accepted for publication by the journal, all rights shall be retained by the author(s). Authors grant to the Publisher the following rights to the manuscript, including any supplemental material, and any parts, extracts or elements thereof: the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand; the right to produce prepublications, reprints, and special editions of the Manuscript; the right to translate the Manuscript into other languages; the right to reproduce the Manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these reproductions; the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript electronically or optically on any and all data carriers or storage media – especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-Rom, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini-Disk, data tape – and the right to reproduce and distribute the Article via these data carriers; the right to store the Manuscript in databases, including online databases, and the right of transmission of the Manuscript in all technical systems and modes; the right to make the Manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the internet, other online services, or via internal or external networks. Dislaimer Views expressed in the published works do not express the views of the Editors and Editorial Board. Authors take legal and moral responsibility for the ideas expressed in their articles. Publisher shall have no liability in the event of claims for damages.
items: Leadership, Motivation, and Managerial Effectiveness in Sharia Hotels: Implications for Guest Satisfaction and Tourism Development in Kendari, Indonesia
items: Hydrochemical Assessment and Groundwater Pollution in the Southern Hodna Chott Region (Algeria): Characteristics, Pollution Levels, and Drinking Water Quality Implications.
items: Developing an Urban Tourism Attractiveness Index: An Ahp–Gis Framework for Spatial Decision-Making
items: Promoting Sustainable Development through Waste Recovery: The Case of Jijel in Algeria
items: Spatial and Economic Asymmetries in Global Seaweed Production and Trade: Implications for Coastal Development and Marine Spatial Planning
items: Evaluate the Level Effectiveness of Selected Bare Soil Indices in Semi-Arid Land Using Sentinel-2 Data
items: Pedagogical Conditions for the Development of Students’ Ecological Competence in the Modern Educational Space
items: Human Resource Practices in SMEs And Their Role in Peri-Urban Tourism Growth: A Case Study of Culinary Tourism, Indonesia
items: Reviewing the Suitability of the Urban Growth Area Using the Ahp Method. A Case Study of the Ain-Touta Master Plan
items: Problem of Channel Decay of Tropical Rivers and Anthropogenic Impact on Rivers: A Remote Sensing and GIS based study at West Bengal, India
items: Arima-Based Modeling and Forecasting of Monthly Temperature Variability in Burkina Faso Under Climate Change Scenarios up to 2050
items: Electric Vehicle Transition: Europe’s Challenges in a Global Context
items: Spatial Assessment of Land Suitability for Agromarine Tourism on Wawonii Island, Indonesia
items: Fractal Analysis for 2d and 3d Binary Images
items: Trends in Air Temperature and Precipitation in Valjevo (Western Serbia)
items: Geospatial Transformations of Land Cover Use in the Peri-Urban Zone of Belgrade: The Case of the Municipality of Grocka
items: Analyzing Spatial Disparities in the Distribution of Public Facilities and Services: A Gis–Mca Assessment in Tissemsilt Province, Algeria
items: Evaluation of the Tourist Attractiveness of Annaba’s Beaches Between Potential, Expectations, and Enhancement Prospects

Leadership, Motivation, and Managerial Effectiveness in Sharia Hotels: Implications for Guest Satisfaction and Tourism Development in Kendari, Indonesia
type: item
description: The hospitality industry plays a critical role in meeting the growing demand for halal tourism, particularly through the sharia hotel business model that integrates Islamic principles into its operations. Effective leadership is essential for fostering a value-based work culture, spiritually motivating employees, and delivering services aligned with religious values. This study investigates the effects of transformational and transactional leadership styles on work motivation, managerial effectiveness, and guest satisfaction in sharia hotels in Kendari City. An explanatory quantitative approach was employed, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with data collected from 176 sharia hotel employees. The results indicate that transformational leadership significantly enhances managerial effectiveness and service quality, which in turn increases guest satisfaction. Although transactional leadership contributes to managerial effectiveness, its impact on guest satisfaction is limited. High work motivation also plays a crucial role in improving managerial effectiveness and service performance. The primary contribution of this study lies in offering a deeper understanding of value-based leadership in the sharia hospitality sector, particularly emphasizing the importance of spiritual and emotional aspects in enhancing guest experiences. The study enriches the organizational leadership literature by providing new insights into the interplay between leadership style, work motivation, and guest satisfaction in halal tourism. Practical implications suggest that sharia hotel managers should adopt leadership styles that are not only operationally efficient but also consistent with Islamic values. Future research is recommended to further explore transactional leadership influences and to expand investigations across diverse regions and larger samples within the sharia hospitality industry. Keywords: Hotel user satisfaction, Islamic hospitality, ser…
creator: Alfian Toar
creator: Alida Palilati
creator: Husain Insawan
creator: Bahana Adam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 1
ending page: 20

Hydrochemical Assessment and Groundwater Pollution in the Southern Hodna Chott Region (Algeria): Characteristics, Pollution Levels, and Drinking Water Quality Implications.
type: item
description: Groundwater pollution has become a major issue of concern to both researchers and policymakers. Many climatic and anthropogenic factors impact groundwater. Groundwater is the sole source of water for all needs in a semi-arid area south of the Chott Hodna. Recently, the quality of drinking water has declined due to overexploitation of the aquifer and the presence of contaminating factors. This study aims to describe the hydrochemical characteristics of the aquifer, assess the level of groundwater pollution, and geographically locate the polluted areas. In 2019, we analyzed samples from 45 boreholes south of the Chott Hodna for 13 physicochemical parameters. The level of water pollution was assessed using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI). This index has proven effective in communicating information about water pollution to citizens and policymakers. We also used geographical approaches such as inverse distance weighting (IDW) and conventional kriging to present the polluted areas. It was found that calcium concentrations were all above health standards, and more than 93% of the samples had SO₄²⁻ and TH concentrations above the drinking water threshold. In addition, 58% of the samples had nitrate levels above the drinking water standard of 50 mg/L. The Piper diagram classifies groundwater into sulfate-calcium-magnesium-chloride hydrochemical facies, and these waters tend to become salinized. The Gibbs diagram reveals that the groundwater is younger and that evaporation is the dominant process. According to the GPI results, 18% of the samples fell into the insignificant pollution category, and 40% into the low pollution category, while only 22% fell into the moderate pollution category, 7% into the high pollution category, and 13% into the very high pollution category. The geographical presentation of the GPI index revealed that the agricultural zone of Maadher is the one with poor water quality. The analysis showed that borehole water near Sebkha has higher minera…
creator: Seraiche Lakhdar
creator: Ghodbane Messaoud
creator: Selmane Tahar
creator: Dougha Mostafa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 21
ending page: 36

Developing an Urban Tourism Attractiveness Index: An Ahp–Gis Framework for Spatial Decision-Making
type: item
description: Tourism plays a central role in shaping urban dynamics, particularly in cities with rich yet underutilized cultural and environmental assets. In many developing regions, including Algeria, its integration into urban planning remains limited due to fragmented governance and the absence of spatial decision-support tools. This study develops an Urban Tourism Attractiveness Index for Sétif, Algeria, using a hybrid approach that combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A set of spatial indicators, covering tourism-related infrastructure, services, and natural and cultural resources, was identified through literature review and expert consultation. Weights were assigned using AHP, and spatial analysis in a GIS environment produced a tourism attractiveness map. Model performance was evaluated using the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), yielding a score of 0.84, indicating strong predictive accuracy. Results show that the highest attractiveness levels are concentrated in the historic core, while peripheral areas display moderate to low values. The findings highlight the value of integrating participatory multi-criteria analysis with geospatial tools to inform tourism planning. The study also proposes a mobile application concept to transform spatial data into accessible, user-friendly tools for both tourists and decision-makers. This framework is replicable and adaptable for cities in the Global South seeking to promote sustainable, evidence-based tourism development. Keywords: tourism potential, decision support, sustainable urban planning, Urban tourism modelling, Multi-criteria decision analysis © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Karim Cheniki
creator: Rania Boudjellal
creator: Zineddine Makhlouche
creator: Lamis Belaliat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 37
ending page: 56

Promoting Sustainable Development through Waste Recovery: The Case of Jijel in Algeria
type: item
description: The current article assesses existing functional modalities of waste management and valorization in Algeria, as well as their current roles in the dynamic of sustainable development, on the basis of state-of-the-art circular economy international best practices (Germany, Sweden, China and Japan.). The work was carried out based mainly on the data of the National Waste Agency (ANSD), from the year 2013 to 2022. Special interest was given to the Wilaya of Jijel. The analysis shows that municipal waste management has significant performance gaps, inadequate source separation of recyclables, and proportional poor logistical coverage (where logistics do exist) for successful waste valorization. Growth and cumulative change indicators provided valuable insights for measuring different components of waste generation dynamics, and observing general periods of rapid change in waste generation. International comparison showed that advanced countries have already strategically implemented strict regulations on sorting, recycling, and to a lesser extent, waste to energy, in waste management, with similar robust public and private sector disposal realities equally applied. By contrast, Algeria continues to struggle to find solutions for these issues, with valorization rates being consistently very low compared to international standards, despite legal and social instruments for action. In conclusion, recommendations were made on how to build enough necessary waste management infrastructure; stimulate, encourage and stimulate local government and community actions; support true opportunity for innovation and investment; and overcome the cultural barriers to awareness/action environmental and social, with full community concerted action and support action. Our ultimate goal is trigger genuine transition to a circular economy based on sound waste management principles where waste is considered as a value which contributes to better quality of life, and individual and societal well-…
creator: Mohamed Trifa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 57
ending page: 90

Spatial and Economic Asymmetries in Global Seaweed Production and Trade: Implications for Coastal Development and Marine Spatial Planning
type: item
description: This study investigates the spatial and economic asymmetries in global seaweed production and trade between 2003 and 2023, highlighting implications for coastal development and marine spatial governance. Using harmonized datasets from FAO FishStatJ, FAO Seaweed Insights, and FAO trade circulars, triangulated with UNCTAD reports and peer-reviewed literature, we analyze six producer categories: China, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, the Philippines, Other Asia, and Rest of World. Three comparative indicators were computed: global production share, export value share, and export value-to-volume ratio (USD/ton), enabling diagnosis of structural disparities and functional upgrading trajectories within the global value chain (GVC). Results reveal extreme spatial concentration: Asia accounts for over 98% of global seaweed output, dominated by China and Indonesia. However, value capture remains disproportionately low for these biomass leaders, reflecting reliance on raw or minimally processed exports. In contrast, Korea and the Philippines achieve higher export intensity through product upgrading (nori and carrageenan derivatives), while Rest-of-World suppliers secure premium markets for agar and specialty extracts. These asymmetries confirm persistent “commodity traps” in major tropical producers and underscore governance challenges associated with volume-driven growth. The discussion links these disparities to coastal development pathways, emphasizing the need for integrated Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), ecosystem-based aquaculture (e.g., Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture), and blue economy strategies that combine downstream processing, spatial zoning, and inclusive finance. Without such interventions, rapid aquaculture expansion risks ecological degradation and social inequality. Conversely, leveraging niche specialization and technological upgrading offers pathways to sustainable, equitable blue growth. Keywords: international trade dynamics, value chain upgrading, co…
creator: Mustam Mustam
creator: Lapipi Lapipi
creator: Muhammad Yani Balaka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 91
ending page: 114

Evaluate the Level Effectiveness of Selected Bare Soil Indices in Semi-Arid Land Using Sentinel-2 Data
type: item
description: The Semi-Arid area is a specific climate region, where the accurate mapping of dry soil is a crucial issue and a real challenge. For that reason, this paper investigated this question over a semi-arid land that located in North-East of Algeria, by using Sentinel-2 data with a comparative analysis of selected Index-Based Methods, in addition to apply the Support Vector Machine-SVM method. The finding showed that the Modified Normalized Difference Bare Index (MNDBaI) and the Modified Bare Soil Index (MBSI) which are combining visible bands at 10 m of resolution, worked better than the Bare Soil Index (BSI) and the Dry Bare-Soil Index (DBSI) that are combining VNIR-SWIR bands; the overall accuracy (OA) of the MNDBaI and MBSI are about 92.29 % and 90.86 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the DBSI provided the weakest (OA) that achieved 86%. Based on this, the indices MNDBaI and MBSI are successfully tested in semi-arid land, since they were more discriminative toward dry soil, especially the MNDBaI index that manifested an advanced behavior. Under climate changes and urban expansion impacts in the region, the MNDBaI index can contribute for accurate ecological studies and better spatial management, as it can produce an accurate bare soil information and land cover maps updates; the MNDBaI index is promising to be more adoptable in survey land degradation, indicating soil condition and boosting agriculture management. However, more tests over other areas, are suggested. Additionally, developing new soil indices that are more sensitive to dry soil, is highly needed. Keywords: Dry Bare-Soil Index (DBSI), Bare Soil Index (BSI), Modified Bare Soil Index (MBSI), Modified Normalized Difference Bare Index (MNDBaI), Support Vector Machine (SVM), dry soil mapping accuracy © 2025 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Khaled Rouibah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 115
ending page: 134

Pedagogical Conditions for the Development of Students’ Ecological Competence in the Modern Educational Space
type: item
description: The aim of the study was to identify effective approaches to integrating environmental education into the learning process. The methodology included student surveys, interviews with teachers and parents, and an analysis of students’ creative works. The level of environmental awareness among students and teachers was examined. Specifically, 58% of students regularly spend time in nature, but only 41% adhere to principles of environmentally responsible behaviour. Interactive methods are employed by 62% of teachers in delivering environmental education, and half of the students actively participate in creative projects focused on nature conservation. Survey results revealed that 81% of students understand waste segregation, yet only 39% practice it at home. During interviews, 67% of parents assessed their children’s environmental awareness as high or sufficient, but 25% rarely discuss environmental issues at home. An analysis of students’ creative works – including drawings, essays, and photo reports – showed that 78% of drawings depict the beauty of nature and the need for its preservation, while 64% of essays contain proposals for improving the environmental situation in their city. Furthermore, only 39% of families actively engage in waste segregation, indicating a need for improved environmental practices in the household. The results also demonstrated that 32% of students and 62% of teachers consider the integration of environmental topics across all disciplines important. The practical significance of the study lies in using these findings to develop recommendations for enhancing students’ ecological competence through improved infrastructure, family involvement, and the implementation of interactive teaching methods. Keywords: students, environmental awareness, conservation activities, innovative methods, civic responsibility © 2025 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions o…
creator: Kylychbek Kurbanbaev
creator: Aidana Kadyrova
creator: Mamatair Uson uulu
creator: Turdukan Abdykaarova
creator: Ainyra Barynbaeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 135
ending page: 154

Human Resource Practices in SMEs And Their Role in Peri-Urban Tourism Growth: A Case Study of Culinary Tourism, Indonesia
type: item
description: This study examines the strategic role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in driving peri-urban tourism growth through the lens of human resource practices (HRP). Focusing on the culinary tourism sector in Kolaka City, Southeast Sulawesi, the research responds to substantial growth in tourist visits by analyzing how organizational capabilities shape destination performance. Using a quantitative design, data were collected from 247 SMEs through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SEM-PLS. The results show that HRP strongly influence Employee Hospitality (EH), and that frontline service behavior serves as the primary mechanism linking HRP to Tourism Growth (TG). Mediation analysis confirms an indirect-only pattern, indicating that HR practices enhance tourism outcomes only when they successfully elevate hospitality behaviors and customer experience. The findings highlight that peri-urban tourism competitiveness depends not only on physical or promotional assets but also on the behavioral and organizational capacities of SMEs—especially structured HR systems, consistent service routines, and supportive managerial climates. Theoretically, this study extends HRM and organizational behavior perspectives into tourism research by demonstrating how micro-level HR strategies translate into macro-level tourism performance through behavioral mediation. Practically, the results offer a foundation for policy and capacity-building programs centered on service-oriented recruitment, modular hospitality training, performance feedback, and SME empowerment to strengthen sustainable peri-urban tourism development. Keywords: workforce development, organizational behavior, frontline service behavior, employee hospitality, service-based competitiveness, destination experience, tourism sustainability strategy © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attributi…
creator: Fajar Saranani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 155
ending page: 176

Reviewing the Suitability of the Urban Growth Area Using the Ahp Method. A Case Study of the Ain-Touta Master Plan
type: item
description: Urban growth is the expansion of cities and towns, both in size and population. It is driven by factors such as population growth, migration, economic development, and land use changes. As populations rise, demand for housing, infrastructure, and services also increases. This leads to expanding urban areas. Selecting urban growth areas is complex due to the overlapping of data and indicators. A multidisciplinary approach is essential. This study uses a Geographic Information System (GIS) to enable data flow and various analysis methods. The paper will explain how GIS supports urban master plan implementation through a digital approach that combines Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and GIS. The objective of this research is to identify areas in Ain Touta suitable for urban growth. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) supports and improves the urban master plan. AHP uses linear algebra to evaluate each pair-wise comparison. Each criterion receives a weighting based on its perceived importance. A higher weight signals a pivotal role in decision-making. In this context, environmental quality, safety, accessibility, and soil geotechnical considerations are the main factors in selecting sites for expansion. Keywords: urban planning, decision-making, GIS, CAD, AHP, criteria weight © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Adel Saker
creator: Ahmed Akakba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 177
ending page: 192

Problem of Channel Decay of Tropical Rivers and Anthropogenic Impact on Rivers: A Remote Sensing and GIS based study at West Bengal, India
type: item
description: The present research highlights the problem related to channel decay of tropical rivers and the research gives special emphasis on anthropogenic impact on the tropical rivers and again it focuses on the management of the decaying rivers. To satisfy the aims of the present study, four rivers viz, river Kharkhari, river Churni, river Anjana, and river Jalangi have been taken into consideration. The present study has been conducted based on remote sensing (RS) and Geographic information system (GIS). Secondary data have been collected from the trustable sources in form of satellite images, reports etc. Statistical technique has also been used in this study to draw connection between river decay and various anthropogenic activities. The result of the research exhibits that there are drastic reduction in river length and width especially in case of river Kharkhari, Churni, and Anjana. A notable deep anthropogenic impact has been observed in decay of river Channels. Statistical technique shows that growing settlement cover, agricultural uses have negative and significant connection with change in channel geometry. The coverage of areas under the water bodies of river Kharkhari, river Jalangi, river Churni, river Anjana have been decreased from 5.82 percent to 1.94 percent, 9.63 percent to 2.44 percent, 13.51percent 5.5 percent, and 6.87 percent to 4.19 percent respectively from the year 1991 to 2025 within the 2 kilometer buffer area on both sides of the rivers. Keywords: river Decay, rivers in tropics, human impact, supervised classification © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Debika Ghosh
creator: Shreyasee Das Mistry
creator: Priyanka Pramanik
creator: Mintu Roy
creator: Rakhi Bairagya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 193
ending page: 216

Arima-Based Modeling and Forecasting of Monthly Temperature Variability in Burkina Faso Under Climate Change Scenarios up to 2050
type: item
description: In a world facing climate change, temperature estimates are crucial for Sahelian countries like Burkina Faso, where agricultural production is highly dependent on weather conditions. This research applies the ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) model to predict monthly temperature variations between 2025 and 2050, using a time series spanning 41 years (1984–2024). The differentiated data were validated by stationarity tests (ADF), and the use of SARIMA models allowed for the capture of seasonality. The modifications performed well, with MAPE typically below 2% and RMSE frequently below 0.5°C. The results indicate a clear increase in temperatures. In January, the historical average of 24.2°C could rise to 27.0°C in 2050, representing an increase of +2.8°C. An increase of +0.7°C is predicted for February (from 27.1°C to 27.8°C). The most notable increases are expected for March and April, where average temperatures could exceed 33.5°C by 2050. Generally, a temperature increase of +2.5°C to +3°C is expected during key months, accompanied by increased heat stress during the dry season. These forecasts are consistent with Sahelian trends identified by various sources and highlight the suitability of the ARIMA model for climate forecasting. It is crucial to incorporate these forecasts into agriculture, water, and health policies to strengthen Burkina Faso's resilience to climate change. Keywords: climate forecasting, MAPE, heat stress, Burkina Faso, climate modeling © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Ibrahim Ouedraogo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 217
ending page: 234

Electric Vehicle Transition: Europe’s Challenges in a Global Context
type: item
description: The European automotive industry faces competitive challenges in light of electrification, driven by the rise of Chinese manufacturers and the reshaping of policies within the European region. Despite the high interest in the daily news, the topic remains fragmented into individual subtopics such as sustainability, supply chains and labour, and requires a data-supported and systematic analysis of the competitive challenges of the automotive industry. Therefore, this research's objectives were to review the current state of the global automotive market, analyze proposed solutions for maintaining the competitiveness of European manufacturers, and develop a projection of the global electric vehicle market's development. The research was based on a systematic review of the literature and the analysis of various data sources, incorporating the method of triangulation of sources to ensure the credibility of the results. Key findings indicate that European manufacturers face difficulties competing with affordable Chinese electric vehicles, which are increasingly entering the European market, due to high costs and limited access to key technologies such as batteries and semiconductors. Proposed solutions include investing in research and development, improving supply chains, and fostering closer collaboration with the energy and technology sectors. The market projection for 2030 suggests that electric vehicles will account for more than 57% of global annual sales, with China maintaining a leading market share, while Europe, due to delays in adapting to electric vehicle production, will gradually lose its share of the total sales in the industry. Keywords: automotive industry, China, Europe, electric vehicles, automotive industry future © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Nejc Podkoritnik
creator: Lazar Pavić
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 235
ending page: 262

Spatial Assessment of Land Suitability for Agromarine Tourism on Wawonii Island, Indonesia
type: item
description: For the sustainable development of integrated coastal-based economic activities, spatially informed planning is needed to address environmental protection and livelihood improvement, particularly in small island environments that are increasingly impacted by land use pressures and environmental risks. In this study, a GIS-based machine learning method was used to evaluate and classify land suitability for maritime agrotourism development on Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Twelve physical, environmental, and accessibility factors were combined within a geospatial framework and evaluated using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) models, trained and validated on 52 existing maritime agrotourism sites. Model performance was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, with the RF model having a higher predictive accuracy of approximately 80% (AUC ≈ 0.80) compared to the SVM model (AUC ≈ 0.60). Using the selected models, land suitability was categorized into four classes. The findings indicate that low suitability areas dominate the island, covering approximately 52.01% of the total area, while medium, high, and very high suitability classes cover 16.22%, 17.76%, and 14.01%, respectively. High and very high suitability areas are mostly found in coastal and lowland areas with gentle slopes, good accessibility, and a combination of agricultural and marine resources. Subdistrict-level analysis indicates that Central and South Wawonii are priority areas for marine agrotourism development, while other areas require more careful land use management and a conservation-oriented approach. These results clearly demonstrate the efficiency of GIS-based machine learning as a spatial decision support system for small island planning and provide quantitative and spatial evidence for the formulation of sustainable tourism policies. Keywords: Machine learning, coastal planning, geospatial modelling, environmental constraints, small-island…
creator: Sawaludin Sawaludin
creator: R. Marsuki Iswandi
creator: Analuddin Kangkuso
creator: Laode Muhammad Golok Jaya
creator: Muhammad Zamrun Firihu
creator: Weka Widayati
creator: Hasddin Hasddin
creator: Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf
creator: La Ode Restele
creator: Ma'ruf Kasim
creator: Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 263
ending page: 286

Fractal Analysis for 2d and 3d Binary Images
type: item
description: We present a unified, letter-coded framework for interpreting 2D and 3D binary images that groups descriptors into a complementary triad: global complexity, fragmentation/disorder, and connectivity. Applied to the Banat Mountains, we analyze three layers: tree cover (2000–2021), cumulative forest loss (2001–2021), and annual forest loss (2001–2021), using a parsimonious portfolio of fractal and non-fractal indices (box-counting and related dimensions, the fragmentation family FFI/FFDI/FTI, lacunarity, and succolarity) and their 3D analogues. The fragmentation family complements class-level FRAGSTATS metrics (e.g., edge density, clumpiness) by isolating scaling-sensitive edge irregularity and tentacularity. Results converge across dimensions: tree cover behaves as a compact, nearly space-filling matrix with high, stable connectivity, low disorder, declining lacunarity, and modest, non-systemwide gains in succolarity; annual loss shows episodic spikes in disorder and transient connectivity with reduced anisotropy. In 3D, tree cover is nearly space-filling, cumulative loss is intermediate and filamentary, and annual loss is sparse, with succolarity meaningful only for the matrix. We conclude with a practical monitoring set that captures the triad while minimizing redundancy and outline sensitivity and transferability to other mountainous, heterogeneous regions in Southeastern Europe. Keywords: fractal analysis, binary images, Banat Mountains, forest loss, tree cover, lacunarity, succolarity, fragmentation indices © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Ion Andronache
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 287
ending page: 308

Trends in Air Temperature and Precipitation in Valjevo (Western Serbia)
type: item
description: Climatological data, such as air temperature and precipitation amounts, represent fundamental parameters for monitoring and analyzing the climate conditions of a given area. Their statistical processing enables a more comprehensive understanding of climate trends and extreme weather events. This study examines trends in mean monthly air temperatures and precipitation totals for the meteorological station in Valjevo, based on data obtained from the Meteorological Yearbooks of the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. The objective of the study was to identify trends in the time series of the principal climatological parameters. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied for statistical analysis. This finding implies that fluctuations in precipitation are more likely attributable to natural interannual variability rather than to systematic changes in climatic conditions. In contrast, trends of varying levels of statistical significance were detected in the time series of mean monthly air temperatures, indicating potential signals of climate change. During the observed time period, there was an increase in temperature, especially during June, July and August, which are also the months with the greatest statistical significance. The obtained results provide a foundation for further investigations of climate change at the local scale and may serve as a basis for the planning and implementation of adaptation measures. Keywords: air temperature, precipitation, Valjevo, Mann-Kendall test, climate change, meteorological station, climatic parameters © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Milica Živanović
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 309
ending page: 332

Geospatial Transformations of Land Cover Use in the Peri-Urban Zone of Belgrade: The Case of the Municipality of Grocka
type: item
description: Peri-urban zones are characterized by intensive spatial and functional transformations driven by the interplay of urban expansion, agricultural restructuring, and landscape change. As part of Belgrade’s peri-urban belt, the Municipality of Grocka has undergone pronounced land-cover transformations, particularly along major transport corridors and in settlements with strong functional links to the metropolitan core. This study analyzes land-cover change in 1990–2018 using CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data and GIS-based spatial analysis, with emphasis on agricultural-to-built-up conversions and structural shifts within agricultural categories. The results indicate a decline of cultivated land and complex cultivation mosaics, alongside a continuous increase in residential and industrial/commercial land, reflecting sustained peri-urbanization pressures. To capture post-2018 spatial patterns, the long-term CLC assessment is complemented by a Sentinel-2–based 10 m land cover dataset (Esri / Impact Observatory), derived from Copernicus imagery for 2018 and 2024, used strictly as a supplementary snapshot of recent dynamics and internal heterogeneity rather than as a direct extension of the CLC time series. The findings highlight the complexity of peri-urban land-cover transformations and underscore the need for integrated spatial planning and agricultural land protection measures that balance development pressures with the preservation of productive land and landscape functions. Keywords: land cover change, peri-urban zone, remote sensing data, geospatial analysis, Municipality of Grocka © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Ljiljana Mihajlović
creator: Miroljub Milinčić
creator: Danijela Vukoičić
creator: Dragan Petrović
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 333
ending page: 368

Analyzing Spatial Disparities in the Distribution of Public Facilities and Services: A Gis–Mca Assessment in Tissemsilt Province, Algeria
type: item
description: This study assesses spatial disparities in the distribution of public facilities across the 22 municipalities of Tissemsilt, an interior province in western Algeria, for the period 2008–2020. Despite national planning efforts, interior regions continue to exhibit pronounced territorial imbalances. The study employs a robust methodological framework coupling Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) to evaluate 20 indicators across six essential sectors: education, health, trade, culture, sports, and tourism. A composite Global Index (IG) was constructed to synthesize sectoral performance, and a Spearman Rank Correlation test was applied to statistically validate the systemic nature of these disparities. The results reveal a persistent core–periphery dichotomy, where administrative centers concentrate the majority of services while peripheral and mountainous municipalities remain structurally marginalized. Although 17 out of 22 municipalities showed a relative improvement in their ranking by 2020, the strong correlation (p<0.01) between deficits in health and education confirms that inequalities are deeply structural. Beyond this case study, the proposed GIS–MCA approach offers a replicable diagnostic framework for monitoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at a micro-regional scale. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers in the Global South to transition from administrative-based allocation toward evidence-based territorial equity. Keywords: spatial disparities, GIS–MCA, territorial equity, public facilities, Spearman correlation, Tissemsilt © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Abdelhadi Sardou
creator: M'hammed Setti
creator: Brahim Taibi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 369
ending page: 384

Evaluation of the Tourist Attractiveness of Annaba’s Beaches Between Potential, Expectations, and Enhancement Prospects
type: item
description: In a global context where territories compete with each other, the notion of attractiveness remains an essential lever for coastal development. The objective of this research is to measure, compare, and evaluate the potential for tourist attractiveness of the beaches in the inter-municipalities of Annaba, agglomeration which the latter being considered a major hub on the eastern Algerian coasts, mobilizing the ELECTRE III (Elimination and Choice Translating Reality method) multi-criteria method, which conceived not as an end in itself but as a decision-making tool capable of ranking seaside performance and guiding development choices. Eleven beaches were analyzed according to their degree of attractiveness through a family of six weighted criteria. The results obtained highlight a clear hierarchy of beaches across five levels. Rizi Amor beach occupies an ideal position at the top of the ranking with very strong attractiveness, the two beaches La Caroube and Refes Zahouene 2 occupy second position with strong attractiveness, while, Belvedere II, Annasr, and Rezgui Rachid I beaches are in the last class with weak attractiveness. Beyond the ranking, the observed differences reflect variations in management, governance, and enhancement. ELECTRE III thus asserts itself as an analytical and prospective instrument, capable of supporting integrated Annabi coastal planning and even a balanced requalification of the Algerian coastline. Keywords: tourist attractiveness, Annaba, coastal planning, multi-criteria grid, ELECTRE III © 2026 Serbian Geographical Society, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Serbia.
creator: Meriem Younes
creator: Abdelhak Acidi
creator: Kaddour Boukhmis
creator: Mohammed Hamzaoui
creator: Miloud Sallaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
volume: 106
number: 1
starting page: 385
ending page: 402